Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation enables host to recognize a large number of pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMPs). ignite immune cells to discriminate between self and non-self. and then promote the following innate and adaptive immune responses. Accumulated clinical/preclinical evidences have proven TLRs to be critical role in the autoimmune diseases. https://www.roneverhart.com/Bonsai-Tree/